female firefighters statistics 2020

In addition, the number of all female staff employed by fire and rescue authorities (as at March 31st 2019 . McNutt LA, Wu C, Xue X, Hafner JP. Resistance from some elements of the workforce. Firefighter Fatalities in 2020; First Word: Where We're At; Spring 2021 Expand sub-navigation. Terms of Use Here, she carries a saw through the Dixie National Forest in Utah during a thinning project designed to keep the forest healthy. 2004;159(7):7026. Previous research suggests that women firefighters are at greater risk of adverse reproductive health conditions [7, 8]. 11 as an unofficial member of the team. Theyre away from friends and family nearly the entire summer, and in some cases months of the winter as well. Incidence of early loss of pregnancy. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Details about the study recruitment and methodology have been reported previously [14]. Then you can access your favorite statistics via the star in the header. "So we need more female firefighters, we need more people from First Nations and Indigenous . She didnt understand their fascination: She was doing the same job as the men, so why did they care about her gender? Age-at-pregnancy standardized prevalence ratios (aSPRs), and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using published indirect age-standardization methods and rates taken directly from two previously published analyses of US non-firefighters for comparison [19, 20]. Career firefighters were also categorized as working for either >24 consecutive hours at a time or working <24 consecutive hours at a time. 2018;157:45762. Incidence of early loss of pregnancy. Unauthorized use is prohibited. As the field coordinator, she connects with local fire leadership to identify which areas need burning, teaches and mentors the younger women at the session, and identifies ways they can improve and work toward qualifications. We also observed a potential association between shift schedule and miscarriage risk, which differed by age at pregnancy. Fifty percent of firefighters are between 30 and 49 years old. The statistics show that the . Started in 2009 in the Portland metro region, the camp is an opportunity for a new . When limited to most recent pregnancies, there were 138 (13%) miscarriages, 903 (84%) livebirths, and 33 (3%) pregnancy terminations. 2015; May 29. https://www.thehistoryreader.com/historical-figures/black-firefighters/ (accessed Nov. 16, 2020). Our comparison to the US nurses may be limited to a lesser extent as both are occupational cohorts of mostly non-Hispanic white women who reported working during their previous pregnancy and both studies relied on self-reported measures. Emergency duties and deaths from heart disease among firefighters in the United States. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):1731. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. 2011;29(6):50713. Trends in self-reported spontaneous abortions: 1970-2000. That's a rate six times higher than the national average . This collection of reports looks at the U.S. fire problem in 10-year periods, beginning in 1985. Multiple imputation for nonresponse in surveys. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. In: National Fire Protection Association; 2020. Emergency medical services (EMS) calls are by far the leading incident type that U.S. fire departments respond to. For paramedics, this appears to be 20% and 23% respectively. We have about 500 members, primarily in the United States, but also in Canada, Trinidad, Great Britain, Germany, Japan, and Australia. Stocker LJ, Macklon NS, Cheong YC, Bewley SJ. To what extent this Lady fireman business is going to reach, it is hard to say, but Armidale is the first in the Australian field, and as Mr. A log link function was chosen to allow us to directly estimate RRs instead of odds ratios. Firefighters may also be occupationally exposed to PFAS from PFAS-containing firefighting foams [44]. Smoking status (current, former, or never) was categorized using smoking history questions that assessed whether participants had smoked more than 100 cigarettes in their lifetime and whether they had smoked in the past 30days [16]. However, this study did not emphasize reproductive health topics during enrollment promotion, so we expect differential participation to be minimal. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 2022. The SSL certificate presented by the server did not pass validation. Use Ask Statista Research Service. Indeed, results from our sensitivity analyses restricting to most recent pregnancy showed similar overall patterns compared to our main results (Table 3 and Supplemental Table1). Privacy Policy Cleary-Goldman J, Malone FD, Vidaver J, Ball RH, Nyberg DA, Comstock CH, et al. There could be potential selection bias by the firefighters who participated in our study. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. However, this effect was most likely not large since most miscarriages occur within the first trimester of pregnancy within the first 12weeks of pregnancy and though published guidance on when to switch firefighters to light-duty is limited, one recommendation is to do so by gestational week 20 [51], near the cutoff of a defined miscarriage. In 2018, she gained a permanent leadership position on the crew. 1988;319(22):14834. Each week, engines were wheeled opposite an imaginary fire and the women marched up in two files from the fire to the bathroom and buckets passed up. 2000;320(7251):170812. The Fire Brigade was established in 1879, with three corps consisting of the Colleges majority of girls and each corps having a captain and a sub captain overseen by one general head captain. First, we assessed risk of miscarriage in two different scenarios: (1) among the most recent pregnancy in the fire service and (2) the first pregnancy in the fire service using Poisson regression models with sandwich variance estimators [22]. 1991;2(1):339. This could indicate an expired SSL certificate or a certificate that does not include the requested domain name. Demography. Older age at pregnancy is an established risk factor for miscarriage [33], so among older women, shift work may not meaningfully influence risk given other strong risk factors. Share this page Compared to a study of US nurses, firefighters had 2.33 times greater age-standardized prevalence of miscarriage (95% CI 1.962.75). Things like that make you take a step back and question, Why am I doing this? Terms and Conditions, Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. Facebook: quarterly number of MAU (monthly active users) worldwide 2008-2022, Quarterly smartphone market share worldwide by vendor 2009-2022, Number of apps available in leading app stores Q3 2022, Profit from additional features with an Employee Account. Girton College All-Female Fire Brigade (photo retrieved fromvictorianfanguide.tumblr.com). Occupational factors and miscarriages in the US fire service: a cross-sectional analysis of women firefighters. Browse Frequently Asked Questions about Women in Fire and Women in the Fire & Emergency Services, select a topic below to get started. Report of actively working fire/rescue calls at pregnancy start was not associated with risk of miscarriage. Han Y, Jiang P, Dong T, Ding X, Chen T, Villanger GD, et al. J Occup Environ Med. It was just an epic entrance into the fire world, Gross said recently, reclining in her green Nomex pants, yellow Nomex shirt, and thick-soled leather boots in the Dixie National Forest. What Issues Do Female Firefighters Currently Face? 1). Maternal plasma Perfluoroalkyl substances and miscarriage: a nested case-control study in the Danish National Birth Cohort. The mechanisms associated with this potential increased risk in firefighters are hypothesized to be related to occupational exposures (e.g. Id think, You dont want to hire me, dude, your loss, Legarza remembers. These include career, seasonal, and volunteer women and men involved in all aspects of the structural and wildland fire service and EMS, and at all ranks. Data from previous years can be found here. . BMJ Open. Correspondence to The fetal life table revisited: spontaneous abortion rates in three Kaiser Permanente cohorts. Mortality and cancer incidence in a pooled cohort of US firefighters from San Francisco, Chicago and Philadelphia (1950-2009). We observed that the age-standardized prevalence of miscarriage was greater among firefighters compared to an occupational cohort of US nurses and that the risk of miscarriage varied among roles in the fire service. For me I feel extremely fortunate in the supervisors Ive had and the people Ive known that have helped me along in my career. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. Now in her fifth year in fire, Gross is part of the Cedar City Hotshots20-person teams of generally the fittest, most highly-trained firefighters who handle especially complex assignments. Improving our understanding of miscarriages and other adverse reproductive outcomes in the fire service and the risk factors associated with them could be used to inform subsequent policy development, to inform personal decision-making, and to provide opportunities for public health interventions for women firefighters. Burgess JL, Nanson CJ, Bolstad-Johnson DM, Gerkin R, Hysong TA, Lantz RC, et al. Lang K, Nuevo-Chiquero A. Directly accessible data for 170 industries from 50 countries and over 1 million facts: Get quick analyses with our professional research service. When stratified by employment status, the age-standardized prevalence of miscarriage was higher among volunteer firefighters (aSPR 4.90; 95% CI 3.476.72) than career firefighters (aSPR 1.94; 95% CI 1.582.37) when compared to non-firefighters. Nationwide 37% of fire departments provided no emergency medical services, 46% provided basic life support (BLS), and 17% provided advanced life support (ALS). Though we would expect medically assessed miscarriages to be more conservative than self-report, the California study might have oversampled women with increased risk of miscarriages since participants were enrolled from those scheduling their first prenatal appointment between gestational weeks 6 and 13, and this potential oversampling may have attenuated an association towards the null. Pregnancies that were still ongoing at the time of the 2017 survey (n=45) or had a missing pregnancy outcome (n=3) were excluded. Health and safety issues among women in the fire service were first identified in the early 1990s, but many of those concerns remain relevant and unanswered today. Park J, Ahn Y-S, Kim M-G. Pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperium outcomes in female firefighters in Korea. Norsker FN, Espenhain L, Rogvi SA, Morgen CS, Andersen PK, Nybo Andersen A-M. Socioeconomic position and the risk of spontaneous abortion: a study within the Danish national birth cohort. Now, 15,200 women in the United States work as paid firefighters and 78,500 are volunteer firefighters, according to a February 2020 National Fire Protection Association report that cites 2018 statistics. This is not a complete picture as these statistics only cover incidents where firefighters are attending an emergency call. More about International Womens Day 2021 is available at https://www.internationalwomensday.com/2021Theme, Once destined to fade, a book and paramedic bring it back to life, IAED 2023 | Privacy Policy | Terms and Conditions, https://www.ctif.org/sites/default/files/2020-06/CTIF_Report25.pdf, https://guardiansofthecity.org/sffd/people/coit.html, https://www.newspapers.com/image/584844901/?terms=%22female%2Bfire%2Bbrigade%22, https://www.newspapers.com/image/348870674/?terms=%22women%2Bfirefighters%22, https://www.newspapers.com/image/668093967/?terms=%22female%2Bfire%2Bbrigade%22, http://womeninfirefighting.blogspot.com/p/the-amazons-c1901-1903.html, https://www.nowtolove.com.au/news/local-news/indigenous-all-female-fire-crew-australia-62022, https://www.internationalwomensday.com/2021Theme. No detailed information regarding pregnancy or maternity policies was collected. Structure Fires in Office Properties, U.S. The 2021 challenge calls out gender roles and bias and celebrates womens achievements. The organization officially incorporated in 1983, and held its first conference in 1985. This is relevant considering that prenatal psychological distress has been associated with an increased risk of miscarriage [48]. 2010;12(3):36974. Choose to Challenge is the theme for the 2021 International Womens Day, observed by people around the world on March 8 since 1910. . All authors read and approved of the final manuscript. This chart shows the racial and ethnic breakdown of Firefighters. Misclassification of miscarriage may also be a limitation of our study, as recall of miscarriage is challenging. Results from our sensitivity analyses were consistent and supported our main analyses (Additionalfile1, Supplemental Tables16). Helping her firefighter husband study for his fire science classes, Livers learned about the devastation fire can cause, and was motivated to become a firefighter herself. But women can be less assertive, potentially affecting their chances at ascending to leadership positions, she says: One of the things our society does to women is to make us less confident and question ourselves.. We considered effect modification between age at pregnancy (<35years or35years) and occupational factors on the risk of miscarriage given that women older than 35 are two times as likely to have a miscarriage compared to women less than 35years old [34]. This is the first time since 2009 that the percentage increase has not been due to a decrease in the number of male firefighters (often due to retirement or finding other work). We would like to thank the International Association of Women in Fire and Emergency Service (Women in Fire) and the firefighters who participated in this study. 2003;157(10):9403. The new year once started in Marchhere's why, Jimmy Carter on the greatest challenges of the 21st century, This ancient Greek warship ruled the Mediterranean, How cosmic rays helped find a tunnel in Egypt's Great Pyramid, Who first rode horses? Int J Environ Res Public Health. This could indicate an expired SSL certificate or a certificate that does not include the requested domain name. In 1979, a female sociologist sued the Forest Service for gender discrimination after she was turned down for a position because the hiring supervisor wanted to wait for a male candidate. 2012: The direct dollar loss includes the Waldo Canyon Fire and the High Park Fire in Colorado, accounting for a total of $567,400,000 in damage. Does obesity increase the risk of miscarriage in spontaneous conception: a systematic review. https://guardiansofthecity.org/sffd/people/coit.html (accessed Nov. 16, 2020). Click to reveal Several hundred hold the rank of lieutenant or captain, and about 150 are district chiefs, battalion chiefs, division chiefs, or assistant chiefs. Consistent with previous research, our study provides further evidence that adverse reproductive outcomes may be elevated among firefighters compared to non-firefighters, and preliminary evidence that miscarriage risk may vary within the fire service. 2011;20(1):409. Volunteer firefighters are generally considered part-time firefighters, who may serve as on-call or volunteer responders. Which travel companies promote harmful wildlife activities? Book Are you interested in testing our business solutions? (May 12, 2021). In March, the women of PFTC travelled to the Camp Blanding Joint Training Center, a military base in north-central Florida. 2018;22(6):92231. Jitnarin N, Poston WSC, Haddock CK, Jahnke SA. Includes patterns, trends, career vs. volunteer comparisons, and brief narratives on . Marshall SW. Power for tests of interaction: effect of raising the type I error rate. While women account for only 8% of firefighters in the United States, their numbers and influence in the ranks are on the rise. The women in our analysis were on average 38years old at time of survey in 2017 (interquartile range (IQR) 3445), mostly white (93%), and non-Hispanic (95%). Heard on All . All study participants provided informed and written consent. Occup Environ Med. Williamsdressed in her checked apron and calico dresshauled out the pumper and handled herself and the incident so well that the men of Oceanus 11 declared her as good a fire laddie as many of the boys.2 Williams became Volunteer No. Part of Google Scholar. How a zoo break-in changed the life of an owl called Flaco, Naked mole rats are fertile until they die, study finds. The rope was knotted, with one loop over the arms and the other around the hips. The most significant numbers are to be found in Great Britain, where more than 200 women are full time (career) firefighters and approximately 200 others serve in a retained (volunteer) capacity. When investigating occupational factors among firefighters, we observed that volunteer firefighters had a greater risk of self-reported miscarriage compared to career firefighters and that the strength of this association varied by wildland firefighter status. If you are an admin, please authenticate by logging in again. Fire departments provide invaluable services to communities nationwide. Our finding builds on previous studies that have also reported increased risk of adverse reproductive outcomes among firefighters compared to non-firefighters [7, 8]. SJ, CK, NJ contributed to the conception, study design, and data acquisition of the study. 1999;341(4):27983. However, this is a limitation common to all age-standardization, including a previous study of cancer incidence and mortality among firefighters [4]. 2012;49(3):9891009. Alesia M. Jung. A personal narrative concerning The Amazons the First Ladies Fire Brigade Armidale, Australia, 1901-1903". Participants completed web-based surveys in 2017 and 2019. Source: National Fire Incident Reporting System, USFA.FEMA.govAn official website of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, Visit the U.S. Fire Administration homepage, Fire Department Overall Run Profile as Reported to the National Fire Incident Reporting System (2020), Portable Heater Fires in Residential Buildings, National Interagency Fire Center (wildland fires). 2018: The direct dollar loss includes $12,400,000,000 in losses from California wildfires. How Many Women Firefighters Have Died in the Line of Duty? Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl substances in a cohort of women firefighters and Office Workers in san Francisco. Fernandez RC, Moore VM, Marino JL, Whitrow MJ, Davies MJ. Multiple imputation by chained equations: what is it and how does it work? More than half of participants held ranks of firefighter or cross-trained firefighter/paramedic (62%) and 80% of career firefighters reported that they had an assigned shift schedule that involved working 24 or more hours while on shift. Although trending downward since the early 1980's, heating fires remained the second leading cause of residential building fires. Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and missed abortion in early pregnancy in a Chinese population. Working fire/rescue calls at pregnancy start (Were you actively running fire or rescue calls when you found out you were pregnant for your Xth pregnancy?, yes or no) was also assessed for each pregnancy. Misunderstandings about the effects of race and sex on Physicians' referrals for cardiac catheterization. She entered the wildland fire world in 1989, when women were often shunned or tokenized. 1). In 2018 there were over 1.1 million estimated firefighters in the United States (US), 8% of whom were women [1]. 2011: The direct dollar loss includes the Bastrop County, Texas Complex Wildfire with an estimated property loss of $400,000,000. Firefighters face specific occupational exposures (toxic substances and physical hazards) that may influence risk of adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular diseases [2], respiratory diseases [3], certain cancers [4, 5], and infertility [6]. FAQs about Women in Fire & Emergency Services How Many Women are Fire Chiefs? While wildland firefighters respond exclusively to wildfires, WUI firefighters are generally those who may respond to wildfires, WUI fires, and structural fires during their service. There are over 138,819 firemen currently employed in the United States. But women firefighters were little more than an anomaly until the 1980s. Fire death rates vary considerably by state, with 2015-2019 average deaths rates per million population ranging from a low of 4.7 to a high of 23.7. Compared to a cohort of US nurses [19], the age-at-pregnancy standardized prevalence of miscarriage, hereafter referred to as age-standardized prevalence, among firefighters in our study was 2.33 times greater (95% CI 1.96, 2.75) (Table2). Population in the states of the U.S. 2022, U.S. real Gross Domestic Product 2021, by state, U.S. Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by state 2022, U.S. state and local government outstanding debt 2020, by state. There is also the potential for misclassification from several sources. Chair of the NFCC, Roy Wilsher, commented: I am pleased to see this increase in female staff across fire and rescue services. We observed higher age-standardized prevalence of self-reported miscarriage among firefighters compared to a non-firefighting cohort of US nurses (NHSII) [19]. Who Was the First Woman Firefighter? National estimates for Firefighters. 2005;161(9):81623. And during 2018/19, 16.6 per cent of new firefighters joining fire and rescue services were women. The US average was 10.0. Krantz, who can outrun most people on the crew, says that men and women do the same job out on the line. Theres better cohesion and overall attitude. In addition, Gross said, the crews men suggested that their female comrades dont get tunnel-visioned as easily as men seem to get when tackling assignments, and tend to be better at maintaining a big picture perspective.. Trowbridge J, Gerona RR, Lin T, Rudel RA, Bessonneau V, Buren H, et al. In 1897, all the firemen in the little town of Vasso, Sweden, happened to be women. Among 1074 women and 1864 pregnancies in our analysis, there were 404 (22%) miscarriages, 1392 (75%) livebirths, 4 (<1%) stillbirths, and 62 (3%) pregnancy terminations (Fig. Posted Sat 7 Mar 2020 at 10:13pm Saturday 7 Mar 2020 at 10 . 2017: The direct dollar loss includes a $10,000,000,000 loss for Northern California wildfires. Petersen KU, Hansen J, Ebbehoej NE, Bonde JP. The reported figures are likely to be less than the actual attacks which take place. A screening-level assessment of the health risks of chronic smoke exposure for wildland firefighters. Article Now more than 10,000 strong, they gather each summer, mostly in the western states, to defend national forests and public lands.. Compared to a cohort of US nurses [], the age-at-pregnancy standardized prevalence of miscarriage, hereafter referred to as age-standardized prevalence, among firefighters in our study was 2.33 times greater (95% CI 1.96, 2.75) (Table 2). We still have a long way to go but those latest statistics are an encouraging step in the right direction.. Gross hoisted the saw over her shoulder and strode along the road with fellow firefighters, women and men headed together for the same tasks. Role of maternal age and pregnancy history in risk of miscarriage: prospective register based study. The crew dynamic is completely different. Boots C, Stephenson MD. (2020) Fire departments provide invaluable services to communities nationwide. Google Scholar. Night shift among women: is it associated with difficulty conceiving a first birth? Am J Epidemiol. The first all-female firefighting crew in Australia was recruited in 1901 in Armidale, New South Wales, and formed in response to a fire at Cunningham House in the same town. Representing 6.91% of Firefighters, Black (Non-Hispanic) is the second most common race or ethnicity in this occupation. This would have attenuated observed associations. So, to avoid the potential exaggeration and impact of our findings to the fire service we estimated RRs [24, 25]. 2010;408(11):23128. Fire is a competitive joband sometimes I feel like for women you start out a step below, whether its things we internalize, or the environment were in that can have an effect, Flowers says after a day of burning in Florida. She retired from Arlington County in late 1999, at the rank of battalion chief. Pineles BL, Park E, Samet JM. Of the total number of firefighters 364,300 (35%) were career firefighters and 676,900 (65%) were volunteer firefighters. In our study, we compared report of miscarriage to rates taken from a study of US nurses enrolled in the NHSII [19], selected due to its analysis of another occupational cohort of women, and a study of insured California women [20], because it was used as a reference group in a previous study of firefighters by Jahnke et al., who selected the California study from the limited number of US-based studies of age-stratified miscarriage risk available at the time because the participants were assumed to be representative of the general population [7]. [All of these numbers increase every year; for the most recent available statistics and a state-by state breakdown of the numbers, see our Status Report]. Lee DJ, Koru-Sengul T, Hernandez MN, Caban-Martinez AJ, McClure LA, Mackinnon JA, et al. Accessed March 04, 2023. https://www.statista.com/statistics/750838/number-of-state-and-local-firefighters-in-the-us/, US Census Bureau. The two countries had about 95,145 female volunteer and career firefighters in total in 2018, with 93,700 of those in the U.S. and 1,445 in Canada. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. PLoS One. How Many Women are Firefighters? A lock () or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. https://doi.org/10.4088/PCC.4014r01721. At the Camp Blanding Joint Training Center in Florida, women with the Prescribed Fire Training Center as well as local wildland firefighters oversee controlled burns, which help prevent future wildfires and boost plant growth. In addition, the number of all female staff employed by fire and rescue authorities (as at March 31st 2019) was 16.7 per cent, which compares to 14.6 per cent ten years ago. Hannah Gross is a graduate of the Women in Wildfire Bootcamp, a program designed to introduce women to the field. . If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Women make up fewer than 7% of frontline . In Model 2 we also adjusted for gravidity, education, BMI, and smoking as categorical variables. J Adv Nurs. Saksvik-Lehouillier I, Bjorvatn B, Hetland H, Sandal GM, Moen BE, Magery N, et al. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. 2020 4:27 PM ET. How Many Members Does Women In Fire Have? 2012;2(3):e001077. The origin web server does not have a valid SSL certificate. After spending seven years on a contract crew, she moved to the Forest Service rappel crew, sliding down a 250-foot rope from a helicopter to fires on hard-to-reach ridgetops. Imputation models contained all variables from the analytical model, the outcome, variables determined to be associated with missingness, and auxiliary variables correlated with variables to be imputed (determined using Kendalls Tau >0.20). May 12, 2021. Goldhaber MK, Fireman BH. 2018;100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2018.1007.1003. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. 2020;32:e8. This potential bias may have a stronger effect on the association observed between employment (volunteer vs career) and risk of miscarriage in our study. The average age of an employed fireman is 38 years old. Based on these criteria, a total of 1074 women firefighters (34% of the original Health and Wellness of Women Firefighters Study population) were included in our analysis. Women make up about 12 percent of wildland firefighters. Of these, 18% were all career or mostly career departments and protected 70% of the US population. Performance & security by Cloudflare. In 1873, Girton, the first university college for women in Britaintwo miles out of Cambridgeopened its doors to a handful of young students. There was a consensus that women bring an entirely different perspective to our profession. The women gathered for morning briefing, went over the map of the area to be burned, and assigned roles: Burn Boss and trainee, Firing Boss and trainee. 2020. https://www.ctif.org/sites/default/files/2020-06/CTIF_Report25.pdf (accessed Nov. 17, 2020). NYPD's latest stats do little to comfort subway attack victim despite falling crime numbers. Sandwich variance estimation, an error variance procedure, was utilized because these standard errors can remain valid even if the correlation structure is misspecified, if the sample size is large enough.

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