hair developer left in car

Will Baldness Be Cured By 2025? If you suspect this, do not use the product. 15 Best Products For Low Porosity Hair To 15 Best Products For Low Porosity Hair To Retain Moisture 2023, 15 Best Ammonia Free Hair Colors In India, The 15 Best Hair Colors To Cover Gray Hair In 2023, 13 Best Professional Hair Color Brands Of 2023 For All Hair Types, 15 Best Drugstore Hair Dyes That Are Worth Trying At Home In 2023, 15 Best Hair Toners To Maintain White Hair, Best Hair Dyes For Natural Hair - Our Top 15 Picks to Try in 2023, 15 Best Schwarzkopf Hair Color Products To Try In 2023, 14 Best Black Hair Dyes Of 2023- Reviews And Buying Guide. These hair techniques don't use heat or foils, so they are safe to use with such a high-volume developer. Enter a prompt, pick an art style and WOMBO Dream turns your idea into an AI-powered painting in seconds. Because grey hair has no pigment, it needs minimal lifting to deposit pigment into the cuticle shaftany developer over volume 20 will damage grey hair. Global Keratin GK HAIR Professional Hair Creme 20 Volume Developer 1000ml for Hair Coloring Bleach - High-Performance Long Lasting Semi-Permanent Hair Color Toner Dye 4.4 out of 5 stars 77 21.60 21 . Im not sure if it is the same with other co. When done, your hair is left feeling intensely soft and brilliantly shiny. For slightly bigger changes in hair color, opt for volume 20 developer, which will change your color by 1 to 2 shades. Save the high-quality PDF version on your device now. It helps in opening up the hair cuticle, which allows the color to penetrate deep into the hair and last for a long time. Shop Now. 40 volume = 12% peroxide. Each user should evaluate the information on our site and is encouraged to do further research before taking any action, inaction, or making any decision based on the content provided on our site. Even if you employ 40 volumes of developers, this rule is applicable. Yes. You have to choose a developer depending on the type of hair color youre going to use. In this article, well walk you through choosing the right hair developer and using it with hair dye, so you can rest easy and do your hair at home with confidence. If you buy through links on our site, we may earn a commission. The different concentration levels of hydrogen peroxide in the developer are expressed either in percentage (%) or units of volume (Vol.). Therefore, whenever you need a substitute for the hair developer, always opt for drug store hydrogen peroxide. What Is Hair Developer | & Why Do You Need It? Thinking of buying a car? Developer comes in different strengths, or volumes, including 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 which means: 10 volume = 3% peroxide. For example, if you just want a very gradual, subtle look, use a lower volume. "I learned that a 30 volume developer can still lighten your black tresses.". Include your email address to get a message when this question is answered. He is also a member of the Pakistan Association of Dermatologists (PAD) and Hair Arshiya Syeda is a senior editor at StyleCraze with 7 years of experience. It can help boost the color of dyes and lighten hair color. If, however, your hairs naturally blonde and you want to lighten it a bit, use a 20 volume. Mixing the hair dye and developer in the right proportion for the right amount of time is important to achieve the best results. Check out the next section to find out why. If, however, you want to lighten your hair by three or even four shades, you need to use a 1:2 ratio, so if you use 100ml of dye, you use 200ml of the developer. But H202 is way ahead of them due to its efficacy and safety. 60 (2.16/100 ml) Black hair needs a 30 volume hair developer to lighten darker tresses. 20 volume = 6% peroxide. So, you need to choose a lower volume developer for lightening your porous hair and a higher volume developer for darkening it. Discount by Amazon. Make sure you mix the developer and dye in the right ratio as recommended to get the desired results. It is absolutely essential to use a developer while coloring your hair. What is the best developer to use with bleach? The following two tabs change content below. Sometimes, picking the right hair developer can make all the difference. Joico Hair Color Verocolor Veroxide Developer (Size : 10 Volume / 32 Oz) $21.99. 11. Therefore, there will be no benefit in substituting it with drug store hydrogen peroxide, which is the same thing you already have. wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. Avoid leaving the hair developer in longer than instructed as it may lead to patchy or uneven hair color results. + Caption. Borthe Mini Professional Creme Hair Developer Activator Peroxide for Hair Colouring Long Lasting Colour and Grey Coverage 60ml 6% 20 Volume 4.2 (94) 499 (8.32/100 g) Get it Tuesday, Feb 14 FREE Delivery by Amazon Small Business More buying choices 4.59 (2 used & new offers) Use it to try out great new products and services nationwide without paying full pricewine, food delivery, clothing and more. Top 15 Hair Developers For All Hair Colors And Types 1. Using a hair developer is critical to achieving your perfect dye job, and the best news is that picking and applying the right one is easy! The general rule when purchasing a hair developer is once it has been opened, you need to use it within six months. Published by Aida Turner. The good news is that you can lighten your hair using just a developer. Further in this article, we have explained how to minimize bleach damage to your hair. Color Delivery The hydrogen peroxide in the developer opens up the hair cuticle, which helps the hair dye deposit the color into the hair. I.e., if you use 100ml of dye, you also use 100ml hair developer. Her love for writing inspired her to take up literature a more. It is available in 31 gorgeous shades. How To Use A Hair Mask + 4 Benefits Of Usi How To Maintain A Healthy Daily Hair Care 12 Amazing Benefits Of Hair Texture Powder, Bleach Bath For Shiny Hair: How To Prepare And Apply, Can You Dye Greasy Hair? Curl Centric is a website operated by a husband and wife team that encourages healthy hair care. To recap, a hair developer is an oxidant cream that opens hair follicles, allowing hair color to seep into your hair all the way to the roots. It does not work on its own; it must be mixed with bleach, hair dye, or toner to work. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
\n<\/p>

\n<\/p><\/div>"}, {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/d5\/Choose-Developer-for-Hair-Color-Step-3-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Choose-Developer-for-Hair-Color-Step-3-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/d\/d5\/Choose-Developer-for-Hair-Color-Step-3-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Choose-Developer-for-Hair-Color-Step-3-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"

\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. Since it is the strongest developer, it is not recommended to be used at home due to the risk of burning your hair and/or scalp. Her detailed research and thorough understanding of the products used in hair care bring the best compilation for the readers. Clairol Professional Pure White Hair Developers for Lightening & Gray Coverage 16 Fl Oz (Pack of 1) 4,587 $744 ($0.47/Ounce) Save 5% on 4 select item (s) FREE delivery on $25 shipped by Amazon. Mix it with bleach powder the same way you use to mix the developer. During this period, you must store it in a cool, dry place that is far from sunlight and moisture. However, if you must lighten your hair, the developer-only method can help you avoid the extra-damaging effects of hair bleach. He earned his MBBS degree from Nishtar Medical College, Multan, Pakistan, and did his post graduation from Boston University, School Of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. Sensitive Scalp 20 Volume Creme Developer. + Caption. A good rule of thumb is to get at least 2 to 3 boxes of hair color and developer for long hair (past your shoulders) and 1 to 2 boxes of hair color and developer for short hair (above your shoulders). 4 Size Options. You need to mix them before application. The thick and luxurious formula has a non-drip consistency that makes it easy to apply. The developer effectively bleaches your hair or lifts colors in it to help you reach the hair color you desire. If you are using a 30 volume developer on your hair, make sure to leave it for 15 to 20 minutes. Pros and Cons of Developer-Only Lightening, Dos and Donts of Developer-Only Lightening, A Simple Natural Hair Regimen for Beginners (to Promote Growth), Natural Hair 101: What No One Tells You About Going Natural, What Most Bloggers Dont Tell You About Using Rice Water for Hair Growth, The Best Essential Oils for Hair Growth and Thickness, recommend using a deep conditioning treatment, How Often Can You Bleach Your Hair Without Damaging It, Product Build-up in Hair and Scalp: Causes and DIY Treatments, Yelena Belova Hairstyle Tutorial: Hawkeye Braids Step-by-Step, Addison Rae Hair Color and Styles: DIY Step-by-Step Tutorial, Travis Scott Braids Hairstyle Tutorial: DIY How to Guide, How to Make Your Hair Grow Faster and Thicker as a Black Man, Aztec Clay Hair Mask: Benefits & How to Use It Step-By-Step, 7 Cute & Easy Infant Black Baby Girl Hairstyles with Tutorials, 8 Types of Military Buzz Cut Fade Styles, Designs, and Ideas, 11 Best Hair Color Ideas, Shades, Trends, and Inspo for Women, 15 Crochet Hair Styles: Ways to Style Crochet Hair for Ladies, Bottle of creme developer (we recommend 20 or 30 volume). Volume 10 developer is recommended for use on thin or fine hair, as its not very strong and wont overly strip your delicate strands. She holds a bachelor's degree in literature and psychology from Osmania University, Hyderabad, and a post-graduate diploma in psychological What Is A Hair Developer And What Is It Used For? Lightening your hair with developer alone is possible, even though its not as effective as using bleach. That way, youre protecting your hair and your scalp. Curl Centric follows a strict editorial policy that produces accurate, factual, and honest content to help you make the right hair care decisions. It conditions your hair and ensures long-lasting color results. The developer doesnt harm your hair independently. You can get the color you have been dreaming of with this developer. The hair developer has a pivotal role both in hair bleaching and dyeing. This is why we have to be careful of how we choose to dispose of it. Best Coverage: Global Keratin Pro Line Hair Taming System 4.5 Image: Gk Hair BUY ON AMAZON | $17.9 The Global Keratin Pro Line Hair Taming System provides the power to bleach or tone your hair. As an Amazon Associate, we earn from qualifying purchases. Its the obvious choice for anyone who doesnt want to lift their base color; instead, they just want to add a tint or tone to their hair. But, if you do go ahead, use a strong hair bond builder. He later changed his stage name, which is a combination of "Simon," Wesley Snipes' character in the movie Demolition Man, and "Dominic," his baptis If you love coloring your hair and going to the salon seems like an expensive affair, doing it at home is more practical. Usually, 3% hydrogen peroxide in the developer achieves 1 degree of lightening/darkening. It provides high-quality, even results without damaging your hair. The best hair developer out there will not only match your hair needs but also prevent complications such as burning your scalp. Once the dye is activated, it opens your hair cuticles to allow the dye to penetrate your hair. An unopened hair developer can last for around . Cactaur Final Fantasy Window Decal Sticker. The higher the volume of the developer or the concentration of hydrogen peroxide, the more your hair will feel gummy, dry, rough, and curly. Combine the Satin Developer and Satin Color to produce a rich, creamy mixture that doesnt drip and remains in place. Its professional developer cream ensures maximum durability and 100% coverage, as well as a non-drip consistency that gives you great control over the color and keeps it bright and long-lasting. As it is a strong developer, it cant be used on thin or fine hair as it may lead to hair damage. Hair Developer Bottles (715 products available) Gummies Glass Bottle Hair Gummies For Nails Skin Care Gummies Private Label Promotion Development $0.015-$0.25 / unit 430000.0 units (Min. But if you leave it in the open air for some time, it will evaporate or lose its strength. Rinse your hair thoroughly with warm water. To change your hair by one shade, use volume 10 developer, since this is the weakest level and wont remove any of your existing color. Often you exhaust the developer because it goes in two times the bleaching powder to make a good bleach mixture. wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. Israeli police on Wednesday staged a dramatic rescue of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's wife Sara from a tense standoff in a hair salon besieged by anti-government protestors. All in all, I spent about $6 each on the color and the developer. However, first, you would have to determine what percentage of hydrogen peroxide you need to lighten your hair color. wikiHow is where trusted research and expert knowledge come together. 40 volume developer offers 3 to 4 levels of color lift when used with permanent hair color. Start Here Hair Care Color What Is Hair Developer | & Why Do You Need It? The Da Vinci 20 Volume Creme Developer comes in a blendable formula that mixes well with coloring products to give you the desired shade of color. How Soon Is Recommend? And why the heck do you need it? It is compatible with permanent hair color as well as powder and liquid lighteners of all types. The following are lists of the pros and cons associated with developer-only lightening. Here we go; you have 43 ml of 6% hydrogen peroxide that you can use to mix with bleach powder. Fact. Now multiply the answer (3.3) with the milliliters of hydrogen peroxide (10 ml) you have. Following simple tips to keep your hair strong and healthy. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. Color Removal The cuticle-opening action of the developer also helps in removing the natural hair color. Autor do post Por ; Data de publicao king of piel island salary; 3505 calle cuervo nw, albuquerque, nm 87114 . Hair developer comes in five different volumes. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. We have researched hundreds of brands and picked the top brands of hair color developers, including Clairol Professional, AGE beautiful, L'Oreal Paris, Salon Care, WELLA Color Charm. And I recommend you opt for the one thats already diluted to the level you need to use. You are here: Home 1 / Clearway in the Community 2 / Uncategorised 3 / hair developer left in car. Good luck! Schwarzkopf Blond Me Crystal Developer 6% / 20 Vol . Maybe you ran out of it, or you have read somewhere that it causes hair damage. Pure White 20 Volume Creme Developer. In other words, you can call 6% hydrogen peroxide the volume 20 developer. Using your dye brush, begin applying the developer to your hair. For this reason, it's important to . They are bringing back Nick . As I have mentioned before, your developer bottle only contains hydrogen peroxide. The Yutika Professional Hair Developer offers 100% grey coverage with an even tone and long-lasting stunning color. With over 12 years of experience, Karen is a licensed cosmetologist specializing in hair color, balayage technique, and womens and mens precision haircuts. If you put too much developer in your bleach, it might lighten your hair without depositing enough color on your hair strands. Darker hair requires more lifting and lightening, which implies a higher level of developer. Karen Leight is a Professional Hair Stylist and the Owner of Karen Renee Hair, a private salon suite inside the Salon Republic Hollywood in Los Angeles, California. StyleCraze provides content of general nature that is designed for informational purposes only. And he's not a stranger. It maximizes the full potential of the hdc molecules, especially when used in conjunction with koleston perfect colors. The nourishing formula contains wheat germ protein, which deeply conditions your hair and prevents it from drying out. The most crucial ingredient in a hair developer is hydrogen peroxide. But you will first need to dilute it to the percentage needed to lift hair color or activate the dye. Once the dye is activated, it opens your hair cuticles to allow the dye to penetrate your hair. We will go be going through 5, 10. Josh Shapiro will deliver his first budget to the Legislature on Tuesday, as the Democrat aims in his first . Activation When mixed with the hair dye, the developer activates the dye to give you the best results. For example, a volume 30 developer might be a good choice if you're a sandy blonde hoping to achieve a sunny golden blonde. An average hair developer's ingredients are hydrogen-peroxide, Cetearyl alcohol, sodium lauryl sulfate, salicylic acid, etc. Is this oxidant cream that important? 1851. It is best suited for thin or fine hair. But if you cant use the developer, which usually comes in different volumes, you can make use of drug store hydrogen peroxide instead. Hair developer helps open up the hair cuticles to absorb the hair dye better. As different types of hair react to dyeing in different ways, your hair type also determines the choice of developer. A 20 volume developer is the highest level that should be used for lifting. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
\n<\/p>

\n<\/p><\/div>"}, {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/f\/f5\/Choose-Developer-for-Hair-Color-Step-6-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Choose-Developer-for-Hair-Color-Step-6-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/f\/f5\/Choose-Developer-for-Hair-Color-Step-6-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Choose-Developer-for-Hair-Color-Step-6-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"

\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. Can be used with all GK hair colors and lighteners. The deputy, who left behind a pregnant wife and two young sons, died after he was rushed to Inland Valley . Developer contains hydrogen peroxide, which lightens your hair by penetrating the innermost part of your strands, called the cortex, and destroying the pigments inside. You can easily mix it with any of your chosen hair color products and apply it without too much hassle. Take some developer in a container; if it is in a more liquid state than in its usual condition, it means the developer is no longer useful. They are called activators because they lift the cuticle of the hair shaft. Itll damage your hair, maybe even burn it. Higher the concentration level, stronger the developer and resulting hair color. If the color youre aiming for is close to your base color, i.e., no more than two shades different, the. A young man 1. old shoes and a dirty jacket came into a car shop. The color chart can be tricky to figure out. Hair developer is an essential part of the coloring process. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
\n<\/p>

\n<\/p><\/div>"}, {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/22\/Choose-Developer-for-Hair-Color-Step-9-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Choose-Developer-for-Hair-Color-Step-9-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/2\/22\/Choose-Developer-for-Hair-Color-Step-9-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Choose-Developer-for-Hair-Color-Step-9-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"

\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. It mixes well with your preferred hair coloring products and is easy to apply. What Is A Hair Developer And What Is It Used For? quick and easy guide to help you pick what developer to use for your hair color formula and understand why you're using it! You can leave a 30 volume developer on your hair for 15-30 minutes. Now that you know how to choose the most suitable hair developer, check out our compilation of the 15 best hair developers for all hair colors and types. Depending on your hair type and texture, it can lift your hair to 3-5 levels. And it activates the dye when coloring your hair. If you bought boxed dye with the developer included, buying a separate developer is not a good idea, as it may cause damage to your hair or ruin the color. A hair developer is an oxidant cream that opens the hair cuticle and allows better penetration of hair color. One treatment might not give you the results you want and can still result in damaged hair. If you think you need to use this developer to get your desired hair color, get your hair colored by a professional hair colorist. Remember, this stuff is strong. Once the bottle has been opened, the hair developer can be used for only six months. These developers complete your hair color and add a shine to your hair. Thick hair is difficult to dye, and you would probably benefit more from a developer of higher than recommended volume. If youve decided to lighten your hair with developer alone, there are some dos and donts to keep in mind. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
\n<\/p>

\n<\/p><\/div>"}, {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/20\/Choose-Developer-for-Hair-Color-Step-7-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Choose-Developer-for-Hair-Color-Step-7-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/2\/20\/Choose-Developer-for-Hair-Color-Step-7-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Choose-Developer-for-Hair-Color-Step-7-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"

\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. It provides lifting up to 2 levels and is most compatible with temporary dyes that require weak developers. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
\n<\/p>

\n<\/p><\/div>"}, {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/8\/87\/Choose-Developer-for-Hair-Color-Step-2-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Choose-Developer-for-Hair-Color-Step-2-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/8\/87\/Choose-Developer-for-Hair-Color-Step-2-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Choose-Developer-for-Hair-Color-Step-2-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"

\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. His real name is Dominic Brack. By using our site, you agree to our. For normal hair, you can go with the volume of hair developer recommended by the hair color. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. Suppose you want to buy professional hair color to use at home. It offers your hair a natural shine and a deep moisturizing effect to your hair. However, other ingredients can also do what hydrogen peroxide does. Used when lightening hair by more than a couple of levels its stronger, enabling the pigment to set in your hair shaft. The seller of top 1 product has received honest feedback from 386 consumers with an average rating of 4.7. This damage often leads to breakage and split ends as well. Curl Centric has an affiliate relationship for some of the products that we recommend. With that in mind, this guide will walk you through: A hair developer is a liquid you mix with your hair dye that activates the color. The 10, 20, 30, and 40 volume developers contain 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% hydrogen peroxide respectively. They will help you decide if this lightening method is right for you. A bleaching kit contains bleaching powder and developer mixed and applied to the hair. hair developer left in car. Schwarzkopf Blond Me Crystal Developer 6% / 20 Vol 33oz / 1 Liter. For example, diluting 20% to 6% will be 20 divided by 6, which equals 3.3. While there is no clear evidence that it works, you can try to dilute hair developer with conditioner. The nutrients in macadamia oil keep hair healthy and maintain its attractive appearance. Subscribe & Save $744 ($0.47/Ounce) Save more with Subscribe & Save Only 10 left in stock (more on the way). If, however, youre going all in and bleaching your hair for that sun-kissed beach look, youll need a higher-volume developer. The hair developer has a pivotal role both in hair bleaching and dyeing. It is only used for lightening hair. Its also beneficial if you only want to lighten your hair one or two shades from your starting color. See Also: How Much Developer To Use With Toner? Apply the mixture on your hair as desired. 40 volume = 12% peroxide. Better Results Using a developer results in a more pigmented and long-lasting hair color. Should I use a 20 or 30 volume developer? There are a number of factors that contribute to the results of a developer: Now that its clear that cannot skip developer when coloring your hair, lets take a look at how you can choose the right one for your hair coloring needs. Put towels down to protect your floor and tables/countertops. Approved. Great prices. Porous hair absorbs the color quickly, but the color fades away quickly too. It is also the most common strength for at-home use. Expert Interview. Dr. M. Khawar Nazir has 10 years of experience in cosmetic dermatology and is the CEO of Boston Aesthetics Lahore, Pakistan. Without a developer, you might need multiple dye applications to reach your desired shade of color. Itll damage your hair, maybe even burn it. It comes in different volumes ranging from 10, 20, 30, and 40 that help achieve your desired lift. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. Hair developer reviews hair product, beauty products and places.for everyone. Curl Centric does not provide professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. The list of the best hair developers is curated after thorough exploration and reading much feedback from trusted online forums. And you have to mix both in a 1:2 ratio to lift your hair color. This developer contains 6% hydrogen peroxide, and it lifts your hair color by one or two levels. We use cookies to make wikiHow great. However, a 30 volume developer can lighten up to three levels, but it can damage your tresses. Prior to that, she was a content writer and combined her writing and research skills to write over 200 high-performing articl more. Whether you bleach your hair to lighten its color or tint it using a permanent hair dye, you need to use a developer in both cases. While lightening your hair with just developer is possible, its not for everyone. Karen Leight. Final Fantasy VII Cloud - Vinyl 5" tall (Color: WHITE) decal laptop tablet skateboard car windows stickers 35 $599 Get it Thu, Feb 24 - Tue, Mar 1 FREE Shipping Only 7 left in stock - order soon. If you have a friend who can assist you put a shower cap or some cling wrap to keep your hair out of your face, it may be useful.

How Old Is Benny From My Babysitter's A Vampire, Does Boy Scouts Of America Support Planned Parenthood, Rehtaeh Parsons Photo Party, Articles H

hair developer left in car 2022