night of the long knives cartoon

It was all three of these men that were responsible for this night, because Hitler asked Goering and Goebbels to compile a list of disloyal SA members,; this list formed the basis of those killed on the Night of the Long Knives. This act legalised removing anyone of non-Ayran descent from the civil service. [1] More than a thousand perceived opponents were arrested. The Nazis also took steps to ensure they couldnt be openly opposed in the press. The Night of the Long Knives - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. [17] While Hitler did not take immediate action against Rhm for his intemperate outburst, it nonetheless deepened the rift between them. The Night of the Long Knives (aka Blood Purge) was a purge that took place in Nazi Germany from June 30 to July 2, 1934, when the Nazi regime carried out a series of political extrajudicial executions intended to consolidate Hitler's absolute hold on power in Germany. 3. Whilst Gleichschaltung aimed to reach every aspect of rule in Germany, this was not always possible. Hitler orders a violent purge of the top leadership of the Nazi Party paramilitary formation, the SA (Sturmabteilungen; Assault Detachments). Whilst the purge focused on the SA, the Nazis also used the event to eliminate other political opponents, such as the former chancellor Kurt von Schleicher. [h], The action Hitler took would not only defang Rhm and the SA as a potential threat to Hitler's personal control of the Nazi Party, but would also serve to strengthen his relationship with the Wehrmacht the German armed forces which had long considered the SA to be their primary rival, and which at times outnumbered the military in manpower.[10]. Following the purge, the Nazis sculpted the media coverage to portray the event as a preventative measure against a revolutionary, violent, and uncontrollable force, rather than a series of political murders. [70] It is noteworthy that even those officers who were most offended by the killings, like Hammerstein and Mackensen, did not blame the purge on Hitler, whom they wanted to see continue as Chancellor; they at most wanted a reorganization of the Cabinet to remove some of Hitler's more radical followers. It's helped us to become more accustomed to acts of grim self-interested political butchery; but for those witnessing these events as they happened, they were simply unprecedented. On the 5 March 1933, the elections took place, with an extremely high turnout of 89%. Add to Favorites. Officially 85; estimates range up to 1,000. persecution Kurt von Schleicher's stepdaughter received 250 marks per month up to the age of 21, and the son of General von Bredow received a monthly allowance of 150 marks.[59]. [84], The Night of the Long Knives represented a triumph for Hitler, and a turning point for the German government. Over the next two months, they launched themselves into an intense election campaign. 95.7% of the population voted. Your Excellency has thrice before saved Germany from foundering, at Tannenberg, at the end of the War and at the moment of your election as Reich President. British cartoon by David Low, 1934 They salute with both hands, now! "[83], Before its execution, the purges instigators referred to the plans under the codename Hummingbird (German: Kolibri), the word used to command execution squads into action on 30 June. [38], Although Hitler presented no evidence of a plot by Rhm to overthrow the regime, he nevertheless denounced the leadership of the SA. In this hour I was responsible for the fate of the German people, and thereby I became the supreme judge of the German people. As the SA were known for being violent and unruly, many saw this as a legitimate move by the government to ensure public order. : Why did Hitler order the massacre of hundreds of Nazis in June 1934? A convoy of lorries moved quietly through the night. You give Hitler power and time by voting HITLER!. government, under President Hindenburg. The army's support for the purge, however, would have far-reaching consequences for the institution. This is a crucial part of Hitler's consolidation of power. Others killed included Gregor Strasser, a former Nazi who had angered Hitler by resigning from the party in 1932, and Gustav Ritter von Kahr, the former Bavarian state commissioner who had helped crush the Beer Hall Putsch in 1923. In this image the narrative present is about the incident now known as the Night of the Long Knives (June 29th/30th 1934), when . ", "But in origin the National Socialists had been a radical anti-capitalist party, and this part of the National Socialist programme was not only taken seriously by many loyal Party members but was of increasing importance in a period of economic depression. On the 4 October 1933, it was declared that all editors must be Aryan. Background Hitler was Chancellor (Prime Minister), but not yet completely in control. Political instability in the Weimar Republic, Hyperinflation and the invasion of the Ruhr, Strength and weaknesses of the Weimar Republic. Local governments proved more difficult to infiltrate, and even at the end of 1945 only 60% of local mayors were Nazi Party members. British cartoon by David Low, 1934. [35] Papen was unceremoniously arrested at the Vice-Chancellery, despite his insistent protests that he could not be arrested in his position as Vice-Chancellor. The loyalty of the SS men would prove useful to both when Hitler finally chose to move against Rhm and the SA. Definition of night of the long knives in the Idioms Dictionary. Gring declared that the communists had planned a national uprising to overthrow the Weimar Republic. However, there were also other events which helped Hitler in achieving the position of a dictator. [25] During the summit in Venice, Mussolini upbraided Hitler for tolerating the violence, hooliganism and homosexuality of the SA, which Mussolini stated were ruining Hitler's good reputation all over the world. This decree suspended the democratic aspects of the Weimar Republic and declared a state of emergency. [37] Arriving back at party headquarters in Munich, Hitler addressed the assembled crowd. Gestapo officers attached to the SS unit shot Papen's secretary Herbert von Bose without bothering to arrest him first. Over the next two days, most of the SA leadership were placed under arrest and murdered without trial. 1 Quoted in Richard J. Evans, The Third Reich in Power (New York: Penguin Books, 2005), 37-38. The SS was moving into position for the first of its many deadly tasks. Both Himmler and Gring welcomed Hitler's decision, since both had much to gain by Rhm's downfall the independence of the SS for Himmler and the removal of a rival for the future command of the army for Gring. Doug and Tony land in nineteenth century Asia, meet Rudyard Kipling and become involved in the conflict between the British and local tribesman for control of the Khyber Pass. In two brutal days in 1934 Adolf Hitler and his senior staff would capture and execute Ernst Roehm, the rest of the senior leaders of the Sturmabteilung (SA) and perhaps 1000 other enemies and threats to his control of Germany. The German Army generals, by condoning the unprecedented events of the Night of the Long Knives, effectively cast their lot with Hitler and began the long journey with him that would eventually lead them to the brink of world conquest and later to the hanging docks at Nuremberg after the war. On 5 March 1933, elections were held for the German Reichstag. ", "The most general theorythat National Socialism was a revolution of the lower middle classis defensible but inadequate. On 13 July 1934 the Reichstag British cartoon by David Low, 1934 H I UN TL PR KE ER OM PT 'S IS ES They salute with both hands, now! The Night Of The Long Knives. Nov 3, 2012 - Explore S o l s h e i 's board "Yay, it's Friday! Unblocked games. Search ID: CS308675. With the army limited by the Treaty of Versailles to one hundred thousand soldiers, its leaders watched anxiously as membership in the SA surpassed three million men by the beginning of 1934. Night of the Long Knives. Over 150 people were murdered and hundreds more were arrested. Mussolini used the affair occasioned by the murder of Giacomo Matteotti as an example of the kind of trouble unruly followers could cause a dictator. [23] Himmler envied the independence and power of the SA, although by this time he and Heydrich had already begun restructuring the SS from a bodyguard formation for Nazi leaders (and a subset of the SA) into its own independent elite corps, one loyal to both himself and Hitler. Hitler arrived and personally placed Rhm and other high ranking SA leaders under arrest. [76], According to Albert Speer, "the Right, represented by the President, the Minister of Justice, and the generals, lined up behind Hitler the strong left wing of the party, represented chiefly by the SA, was eliminated. Give Hitler four years to rebuild it! The army almost unanimously applauded the Night of the Long Knives, even though the generals Kurt von Schleicher and Ferdinand von Bredow were among the victims. [39] There in the prison courtyard, the Leibstandarte firing squad shot five SA generals and an SA colonel. The tension between the SA and the Nazi leadership grew. Also killed that night were hundreds of other perceived opponents of Hitler. Hitler's desire to consolidate his power and settle old scores, Desire of Ernst Rhm and the SA to continue "the National Socialist revolution" versus Hitler's need for relative social stability so that the economy could be refocused to rearmament and the German people acclimated to the need for expansion and war, Hitler's need to bring the Reichswehr under his control, Significant reduction in the regime's opposition, Strengthening of relationship between Hitler and the military. Many of the prisoners were tortured and abused. The bottom half of the poster reads The more power you give Hitler, the easier he will win and the more independent you make him from the parties that led the people to where they are today. On 19 August 1934, the German people were asked to vote on whether or not they approved of the merging of the two offices and Hitlers new role as Fhrer. Hold me on this night of the long knives Hold me on this night of the long knives It's coming (Shame about your neighbourhood) It's coming (Shame about your neighbourhood) There's a flood on the street, there's a tide and it's coming in now Yet the concrete burns at the back of your skull And they're saying it's a wave but it feels like a . Cartoonist: des MONDE. Hitler formally adopted this title in April 1942, thus placing himself above the reach of the law de jure and de facto. [44] The murdered included at least one accidental victim: Willi Schmid, the music critic of the Mnchner Neuste Nachrichten newspaper, whose name was confused with one of the Gestapo's intended targets. By May, lists of those to be "liquidated" started to circulate amongst Gring and Himmler's people, who engaged in a trade, adding enemies of one in exchange for sparing friends of the other. The SA were dramatically reduced in size, dropping by 40% to 1.8 million by 1935. Do Damage By Placing Guns, Knives And Rockets In. Hitler announced that he would occupy this new role. Then came the day he didn't need them anymore. . He stated that 61 people had been executed and 13 had committed suicide. No one in the SA spoke more loudly for "a continuation of the German revolution" (as one prominent stormtrooper, Edmund Heines, put it) than Rhm himself. Although many Germans approached the official news of the events as described by Joseph Goebbels with a great deal of scepticism, many others took the regime at its word, and believed that Hitler had saved Germany from a descent into chaos. This photograph shows the SA as they marched victoriously through the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin the same day. How did the Night of the Long Knives help to create a dictatorship out of a democracy? The Nazis improvised. Others were appalled at the scale of the executions and at the relative complacency of many of their fellow Germans. His perceived enemies were executed on the night of June 30, 1934. As chancellor, Hitler did not command the army, which remained under the formal leadership of Hindenburg, a highly respected veteran field marshal. ", Last edited on 28 February 2023, at 06:34, Night of the Long Knives (disambiguation), The History Place Triumph of Hitler Night of the Long Knives, German Culture The Third Reich Consolidation of Power, The German Embassy in the United States The Era of National Socialism, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Night_of_the_Long_Knives&oldid=1142048294, Operation Hummingbird, Rhm Putsch (by the Nazis), The Blood Purge. This included Vice-Chancellor Papen and those in his immediate circle. [7] Complaints of "overbearing and loutish" behaviour by stormtroopers became common by the middle of 1933. Long Knives phrase. , was then given the choice of suicide or murder. He took seriously the socialist promise of National Socialism and demanded that Hitler and the other party leaders initiate wide-ranging socialist reform in Germany. Definitions by the largest Idiom Dictionary. By the end of 1934, the Nazis had managed to infiltrate and take control of every major aspect of German government. The Night of the Long Knives was "an act of carnage" which had come out of the blue. By the end of May 1934, Hitler had been chancellor for 16 . [27] While von Papen's resignation as vice-chancellor would not have threatened Hitler's position, it would have nonetheless been an embarrassing display of independence from a leading conservative. Hitler was shrewd enough to understand that he could never fully consolidate his grip on the country without the support of the army. The Night of the Long Knives. [37] Meanwhile, the SS arrested the other SA leaders as they left their train for the planned meeting with Rhm and Hitler. [47], Rhm was held briefly at Stadelheim Prison[j] in Munich, while Hitler considered his future. Chancellor Adolf Hitler, urged on by Hermann Gring and Heinrich Himmler, ordered a series of political extrajudicial executions intended to consolidate his power and alleviate the concerns of the German military about the role of Ernst Rhm and the Sturmabteilung (SA), the Nazi's paramilitary organization, known colloquially as "Brownshirts". ultimate power over Germany, whilst maintaining an President Hindenburg died at the age of 87 on 2 August 1934. Civil Service [75] Hitler expressly told him to stop SA funds from being spent on limousines and banquets, which he considered evidence of SA extravagance. This fear was At first, its architects seemed split on how to handle the event. Once the Enabling Law was in place, the Nazis could bypass the Reichstag and rule by decree seemingly creating laws that stabilised Germany and got rid of its internal enemies. On the 30 January 1933 Hitler was appointed as chancellor of the Weimar Republic. Not content solely with the leadership of the SA, Rhm lobbied Hitler to appoint him Minister of Defence, a position held by the conservative General Werner von Blomberg. ", followed by 12,263 people on Pinterest. , The Bill passed by 444 votes for to 94 against on the 24 March 1933. Originally designed and developed by the London Jewish Cultural Centre. Rhm's contempt for the party's bureaucracy angered Hess. [38] Joseph Goebbels, who had been with Hitler at Bad Wiessee, set the final phase of the plan in motion. Blomberg, who had been meeting with the president, uncharacteristically reproached Hitler for not having moved against Rhm earlier. You gave these parties 14 years to ruin Germany! 2. [40] Those not immediately executed were taken back to the Leibstandarte barracks at Lichterfelde, given one-minute "trials", and shot by a firing squad. If passed, the law would establish the conditions needed for dictatorial rule. The SS found Breslau SA leader Edmund Heines in bed with an unidentified eighteen-year-old male SA senior troop leader. Terror and intimidation became one of the main ways that the Nazis sought to control or suppress their opposition, and Germans in general. This continued when a young Dutchcommunist, Van der Lubbe was arrested for the crime. June 30, 1934 - July 12, 1934 News articles about the arrest and murder of leadership within the SA, as well as political opponents of the Nazis ("Night of the Long Knives"). Max Heydebreck, an SA leader in Rummelsburg, denounced the army to his fellow brownshirts, telling them, "Some of the officers of the army are swine. intensified The SA (sometimes known as the "Stormtroopers" or "Brownshirts") was the paramilitary organization of the Nazi Party that played a key role in the Nazi . Until then, Lippert had been one of the few executioners of the purge to evade trial. [69] The memo went on to demand that Hindenburg punish those responsible, and criticized Blomberg for his outspoken support of the murders of Schleicher and Bredow. Find Night Of The Long Knives stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. The Censorship is really evident when . On the 31 January 1933, Hitler, conscious of his lack of a majority in the Reichstag, immediately called for new elections to try and strengthen his position. Dachau Access-restricted-item true Addeddate 2020-03-19 01:01:54 Boxid IA1794905 Camera USB PTP Class Camera Collection_set printdisabled External-identifier urn:oclc:record:1150935398 [33] On 28 June Hitler went to Essen to attend the wedding celebration and reception of Josef Terboven; from there he called Rhm's adjutant at Bad Wiessee and ordered SA leaders to meet with him on 30 June at 11:00. Definition of Long Knives in the Idioms Dictionary. Slope unblocked 76 games at school Arcade is one of the most popular game genres. Hitler did not exercise absolute power, however, despite his swift consolidation of political authority. 3. As the leader of the SA, Rhm was seen as a threat to Hitlers power. night of the long knives phrase. Historians have often wondered why Hitler turned on the SA. wikipedia notes: The Night of the Long Knives (German: Nacht der langen Messer) or "Operation Hummingbird," was a purge of Adolf Hitler's potential political rivals in the Sturmabteilung (SA). In his speech to the Reichstag on 13 July justifying his actions, Hitler denounced Schleicher for conspiring with Rhm to overthrow the government; Hitler alleged both were traitors working in the pay of France. Low's cartoons have always appealed to me because of his ability to depict characters like Hitler and Mussolini in a recognisable but often funny way. Under pressure from Hitler, Rhm reluctantly signed a pledge stating that he recognised the supremacy of the Reichswehr over the SA. President Paul von Hindenburg appointed Hitler chancellor on 30 January 1933. [69] The request that Neurath be replaced by Nadolny, the former Ambassador to the USSR, who had resigned earlier that year in protest against Hitler's anti-Soviet foreign policy, indicated that Hammerstein and Mackensen wanted a return to the "distant friendliness" towards the Soviet Union that existed until 1933. com. The night was 29th June 1934, the Night of the Long Knives. One-to-one online tuition can be a great way to brush up on your History knowledge. Gleichschaltung was applied across every possible aspect of government policy. Let the nation know that its existencewhich depends on its internal order and securitycannot be threatened with impunity by anyone! Hitler told the crowd that "undisciplined and disobedient characters and asocial or diseased elements" would be annihilated. A copy of the original film, before Rhm was edited out, was found in the 1980s in the German Democratic Republic's film archives. He also wanted to appease leaders of the Reichswehr, the German military, who feared and despised the SA as a potential rival, in particular because of Rhm's ambition to merge the army and the SA under his own leadership. [57][58], A special fund administered by SS General Franz Breithaupt was set up for the relatives of the murdered, from which they were cared for at the expense of the state. This decree gave the Nazis a legal basis for the The three men that stand in front of the SA are Hitler (standing aggressively with an armband that reads: the double cross- a pun about the swastika and Hitlers betrayal), Goering (who is dressed as a violent god of war, showing how the Nazis have abandoned democracy and now rule by terror), and Goebbels (shown as Hitlers poodle, since in Britain, where this cartoon was published,he was seen to be cowardly and extremely loyal to Hitler). illusion Rhm, however, wanted to eliminate the generalship of the Prussian aristocracy altogether, using the SA to become the core of a new German military. He held the same position with Rhm as I held with Himmler. Although Hitler ordered him released days later, Papen no longer dared to criticize the regime and was sent off to Vienna as German ambassador.[43]. The elections were neither free or fair. The Night of the Long Knives. The Night of the Long Knives J. Marshall, 2007. [63] During a meeting with Polish Ambassador Jzef Lipski on 22 May 1935, Hitler told Lipski that Schleicher was "rightfully murdered, if only because he had sought to maintain the Rapallo Treaty. Many of those that were harassed by the SA and the SS or imprisoned in camps were terrified to speak out about their ordeal fearing that they would be further abused or re-imprisoned. The Centre Partys vote was crucial. 54 Richard J. Evans At the same time, the apparatus of the police state began to look a good deal less coercive than it had done in the 1950s. It was named Der Fhrer schtzt das Recht ("The Fhrer Upholds the Law"). Goebbels engineered the media coverage following the attack to present it as a preventative measure, in response to the SAs plan to overthrow the government. [69] Finally, Hammerstein and Mackensen asked that Hindenburg reorganize the government by firing Baron Konstantin von Neurath, Robert Ley, Hermann Gring, Werner von Blomberg, Joseph Goebbels and Richard Walther Darr from the Cabinet. Rhm left the Reichswehr in 1923 and later became commander of the SA. of any opponents, who were be framed as traitors to the republic. Blomberg and many of his fellow officers were recruited from the Prussian nobility and regarded the SA as a plebeian rabble that threatened the army's traditional high status in German society. Only the SPD opposed it. The Night of the Long Knives L.O. The SS also murders several conservative critics of the Nazi regime including . Night of the Long Knives 30 June 1934. As S.A. membership grew, they were becoming harder . consolidate Adolf Hitler was in a furious temper when his flight touched down in Munich at 4.30am on 30 June 1934. Opposition from outside the Nazi party was being strangled . Nazi propaganda presented the murders as a preventive measure against an alleged imminent coup by the SA under Rhm the so-called Rhm Putsch. From 20 August onwards, the While many officers were impressed by Hitler's promises of an expanded army, a return to conscription, and a more aggressive foreign policy, the army continued to guard its traditions of independence during the early years of the Nazi regime. [45] Then, on 13 July 1934,[52] Hitler justified the purge in a nationally broadcast speech to the Reichstag: If anyone reproaches me and asks why I did not resort to the regular courts of justice, then all I can say is this. In the judicial system specifically, this act removed any judges that were deemed non-compliant with Nazi laws or principles. Reorganisation and the Bamberg Conference, The role of economic instability in the Nazi rise to power, The role of political instability in the Nazi rise to power, The role of the conservative elite in the Nazi rise to power. and Have a Free Meeting with one of our hand picked tutors from the UK's top universities. Goebbels soon radicalised each of these areas, ensuring that they advocated Nazi ideas. The decree also removed basic personal freedoms, such as the freedom of speech, the right to own property, and the right to trial before imprisonment. To a lesser extent, the Sturmabteilung (SA), a Nazi paramilitary organization, remained somewhat autonomous within the party. Although President Hindenburg and the Reichstag continued to exist, Hitler could now govern by decree. In response, Hitler met Blomberg and the leadership of the SA and SS on 28 February 1934. Prime Minister Harold Macmillan dismissed seven members of his Cabinet, one-third of the total. Night of the Long Knives: Directed by Paul Stanley. Slope Unblocked Games 66 Is A Popular Arcade Game For School And Work From Google And Weebly Sites.21. Hitler remained indecisive and uncertain about just what precisely he wanted to do when he left for Venice to meet Benito Mussolini on 15 June. They had placed many in the first 2. The support of respected individuals such as von Papen and Hindenburgs son, Oskar von Hindenburg, gave the Nazis further legitimacy for these actions. , who had previously been a separate organisation, now swore a personal allegiance to Hitler. The SA used to be fiercely loyal to Hitler, and so would salute him with the Nazi salute (with one hand). The law needed two thirds of the Reichstag to vote for it to pass. Called the Nacht der langen Messer in Germany, this event occurred over a series of days and entailed the Nazi regime's murder of those Hitler considered to be political enemies. [21], As a means of isolating Rhm, on 20 April 1934, Gring transferred control of the Prussian political police (Gestapo) to Himmler, who, Gring believed, could be counted on to move against Rhm. At least 85 people died during the purge, although the final death toll may have been in the hundreds,[b][c][d] with high estimates running from 700 to 1,000. They understood the need to appear moderate and take over slowly by democratic means where possible, maintaining the stability and illusion of a democracy. However, soon after the purge Hitler himself would name the events the "Night of the long knives" in a public speech on 13 July 1934 defending the actions (despite the violence taking place over several days). The SA had given the Nazi's an iron fist . Gring instructed police stations to burn "all documents concerning the action of the past two days". July 1-13, 1934 Editorials, opinion pieces, letters-to-the-editor, and political cartoons regarding the "Night of the Long Knives". Hitler and Himmler unleashed the Gestapo against old enemies, as well. This handbook will help you plan your study time, beat procrastination, memorise the info and get your notes in order. Hitler and the rest of the Nazi leadership disagreed with their approach. The Night of the Long Knives commences. The Night of the Long Knives In June 1934, Hitler ordered the SA to go on leave for the entire month. [69], Hindenburg never responded to the memo, and it remains unclear whether he even saw it, as Otto Meiner, who decided that his future was aligned with the Nazis, may not have passed it along. If that was indeed true then, as a legal matter, the law was entirely unnecessary and redundant. . info)), or the Rhm purge (German: Rhm-Putsch), also called Operation Hummingbird (German: Unternehmen Kolibri), was a purge that took place in Nazi Germany from 30 June to 2 July 1934. The destiny of our country is at stake. [2] The purge strengthened and consolidated the support of the military for Hitler. A very large number of the Freikorps believed that the November Revolution had betrayed them when Germany was alleged to be on the verge of victory in 1918. The Night of the Long Knives not only removed the SA leaders but also got Hitler the army's oath that he so needed. 'The Night of the Long Knives' is now commony associated with a particularly violent political purge in Nazi Germany in 1934. "[26] According to his memoirs, von Papen, a Catholic aristocrat with ties to army and industry, privately threatened to resign if Hitler did not act. Definitions by the largest Idiom Dictionary. [63] Since Schleicher was a good friend of the French Ambassador Andr Franois-Poncet, and because of his reputation for intrigue, the claim that Schleicher was working for France had enough surface plausibility for most Germans to accept it. [48] Eicke and Lippert then shot Rhm, killing him. concentration camp Pressured by German army commanders, whose support he would need to become President, Hitler directs the SS to murder SA Chief of Staff Ernst Rhm and his top commanders. Join MyTutor Squads for free (and fun) help with Maths, Coding & Study Skills. kato-eng. The Nazi Party used the atmosphere of panic to their advantage, encouraging anti-communism. Refusing to take his own life, he was shot on 1 July 1934 by two SS guards. What does night of the long knives expression mean? [68] Hammerstein, who was a close friend of Schleicher, had been much offended at Schleicher's funeral when the SS refused to allow him to attend the service and confiscated the wreaths that the mourners had brought. Night of the Long Knives 1. However, most accounts argue that as many as 1,000 deaths occurred during the Night of the Long Knives. "[65] Another rare exception was Field Marshal August von Mackensen, who spoke about the murders of Schleicher and Bredow at the annual General Staff Society meeting in February 1935 after they had been rehabilitated by Hitler in early January 1935.

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