This was the room and pillar method of mining common in the Appalachian bituminous coalfields. Wages are shown in both German marks and contemporary U.S. dollars. Earnings and prices are shown in Swiss francs. Kitchen:
Ukrainian immigrant Nick Gurski began working in the Boone County coal mines in the 1920s. Wages are shown in contemporary US dollars. West Virginias drift mines were cut into the mountains horizontally and its slope mines descended gradually into the earth. Instead of paying miners by the ton, they hired them as employees and paid an hourly wage. Shows the average daily wages paid to masons, electricians, bricklayers, bakers, blacksmiths and more. - Earnings, 1929, Farm workers' wages and income,1909-1938, Male farm labor average wages by state, 1929, Airplane pilot (commercial) - Salary, 1929, Barbers and hairdressers - Earnings, 1929, Baseball, major league - Player and umpiresalaries, 1929, Union wages in construction trades, 1913-1930, Union carpenter wages in selected cities for 1924-1925, Average hourly carpenter wage in U.S. for 1926, Carpenter wages for 1920-1928 for twelve major U.S. cities, Cement industry job wages and hours, 1929, Coal mining jobs - Hours and earnings, 1919-1933, Domestic (household) service - Male workers' wages, Executive salaries in private businesses, 1924, Teachers and principals' salaries by city, 1921-1922, School personnelsalaries by sex in selectedcities, 1926, Teacher's salaries by school level, 1924-1928, Illinois teachers salaries in high schools, 1920-1921, New York state teachers' salaries, 1920-1932, North Carolina teacher salaries by race, 1922, Texas school personnel salaries (white only), 1872-1953, Firemen and fire department salaries by city, 1927, Foundryand machine shop jobs - Wages and hours, 1923-1931, Administrative and supervisors pay in federal government, 1926, Iron and steel industry wages and hours, 1907-193, Lumber industry job wages and hours, 1921-1932, Military pay for officers on active duty - 1926, Mining metals - Wages and hours, 1924 and 1931, Mining - anthracite and bituminous coal, 1922 and 1924, Metalliferous mining job wages and hours, 1924, Nursing - Average salaries for public health and institutional nurses, 1927, Petroleum industry - Wages by occupation and state,1920, Seamen and firemen on ocean ships - Wages, 1914-1918, Slaughtering and meat-packing industry, 1921-1929, Street laborers (unskilled) - Wages and hours, 1928, Telegraph and cable industry - wages and salaries, 1922, Telephone industry - average compensation per employee, 1922, Typical fees charged for veterinary visits are described, 1926 annual salaries for individual veterinarians, Wages for thousands of occupations, indexed alphabetically - 1929, Manufacturing job hours and earnings, 1919-1960, Factory employee average annual wages - 1921, 1923, Industrial home work - Earnings, early 1920s, Automobile tire manufacturing wages, 1923, Motor vehicle industry job wages and hours, 1922-1928, Airplanes and aircraft engines manufacture - Hours and earnings, 1929, Boot, shoe, hosiery and underwear manufacturing wages, 1907-1920, Clothing (men's) manufacturing wages & hours, 1911-1932, Hosiery and underwear manufacturing - Wages & hours, 1907-1932, Woolen and worsted goods manufacturing: 1910 to 1930, Woolen and worsted goods manufacturing, 1907-1922, Furniture manufacturing industry - Wages and hours, 1910-1931, Pottery industry job wages and hours, 1925, Paper box-board industry job wages and hours, 1926, Professional and business women - Salaries and income, 1927, Library assistants - Earnings by city, 1923, Women employed as cleaners, maids, and elevator operators in Washington DC, 1920, Women's wages in the candy industry in St. Louis and Chicago, 1920-1921, Women's wages in candy industry - St. Louis, 1920-1921, Women employed as household servants in Philadelphia - late 1920s, Women's wages, hours, and earnings - South Carolina, 1921, Women in Tennessee industries - Hours, wages and working conditions, 1925, Colorado - Wages by occupation and industry, 1928, Union workers' annual earnings - New Haven CT, 1927, Teenagers' wages by occupation and sex in Detroit, 1922, Wage in the Missouri shoe industry, 1913-1922, Public school employee salaries - New York City, 1928, Ohio - Average annual wages and salaries by occupation, 1916-1932, Development of minimum wage laws in the U.S., 1912-1927, Minimum wage laws of the U.S., construction and operation, 1921, Wages by occupation in Buenos Aires, 1926, Buenos Aries - Average Wages, 1922, 1926, 1928-1929, Minimum wages in Sydney and Melbourne, 1914 and 1921, Wages and cost of living in Austria, 1920, Farm help wages in Canadian provinces by sex, 1920s, Wages by occupation in Canadian cities, 1920, Wages by occupation in Canadian cities, 1921, Wages by occupation in Canadian provinces, 1924-26, Wages and hours of labour - Canada, 1920-1926, Wages in boot and shoe industries in France, 1924, "Real wages" in Germany by industry, 1923, Automobile manufacturing wages in Germany, 1929, Wages and hours in Great Britain and Northern Ireland, 1924, average weekly earnings by industry and sex, Wages by industry in Great Britain, 1914-1921, Wages in Great Britain and Northern Ireland, 1924-1928, Wages in Great Britain and Northern Ireland, 1924-1932, Agricultural trades - Minimum wage in Great Britain, 1920, Building trades - Wages by city in the UK, 1920, Iron and steel industry wages in Great Britain, 1926, Coal miner earnings in Great Britain, 1921-23, Judges of county courts (UK) - Salary, ca. A room in the Pocahontas seam could be more than 10 feet high, while workplaces in the Kanawha and New River seams often were no taller than four feet. The study pays particular attention to women who made less than the average wage. Wiki User. When a miner and his helper approached the entry to their room, danger lurked in almost every move they made. MORE PRICES in the U.S. The union was very important to miners. Source: BLS. Source: Missouri State Dept of Agriculture. As a rule he is paid so much per car, and a definite number of cars constitute a day's workthe number varying in different minesaveraging from five to seven, equaling from twelve to fifteen tons of coal. Wages are shown in German marks. The lack of market for coal during the depression had stepped in to push aside both miners and operators as principals in collective bargaining. Covers Great Britain, France, Belgium, Germany, Sweden, Norway, Switzerland, Italy and Austria. Source: For each college, this table shows tuition for residents and non-residents by course of study. Published 1921. Compares average retail prices for grocery items in independent stores and in chain stores. Careless miners always fail. Prices on pp. Some stopped the cars by jamming pieces of wood into the spokes. Dollars. Every day his lifes in danger, Stealing another mans coal was considered a terrible crime. A thief could commit this offense easily, simply by removing one miners brass check from his coal car and replacing it with his own; but the miners often detected this kind of trickery and banded together to demand the thiefs termination. Also tells pay for court clerks and marshals. Includes a table showing. With industrialization, workers lost control of when to start, eat, and end their day. When the smoke cleared, the collier and his buddy would swing their picks to break up large clumps of coal and shovel the smaller lumps into a mine car; it was back-aching work made more painful by the narrowness of the room. But the chorus of foreign languages confirmed managements fears that companies were slipping out of control. Source: BLS. Published by the National Industrial Conference Board. Source: BLS Monthly labor review, Apr 1926, Shows the average retail prices of various foodstuffs throughout Switzerland. Boys labored inside, sorting coal by size and removing rock. Working in coal mines is dangerous miners have to deal with toxic . Taken from the 1921 U.S. Department of Agriculture Yearbook, starting on page 804. Lists ticket prices in NYC, Boston, Philadelphia, Cleveland and eight more cities in NY, PA, OH and MA. It provided a $1.20-a- day wage increase effective Jan, and an increase of 80 cents a day beginning April 1, 1959. by SEX Source: Cost of living and family expenditures in Kentucky, Tennessee and Texas. Miners would lie on their backs and use a pick to undercut the coal. Shows wages and prices in kronen, along with the exchange rate to translate into U.S. dollars. Chart shows median wages of women employed in Philadelphia households as chambermaids, cleaners, cooks, waitresses, laundress, seamstress, and children's nurses (nannies.) Shows the average weekly and hourly wages of different occupations in the Missouri shoe industry between 1913-1922. Report published in 1927 includes extensive wage data for women in Tennessee by race, industry, education, and more, circa 1925. Issues of Telephone engineer & management detail rates for telephone service in many states. Click "more" for direct links to wages in each occupation. Shows the average weekly hours and hourly wages for workers in the boot and shoe industry. by RACE Chart indicates hourly earnings ranges for piecework at automobile manufacturing companies in Germany. Pennsylvania's investment in anthracite iron paid dividends for the industrial economy of the state and proved that coal could be adapted to a number of industrial pursuits. Owners claimed property rights and managerial entitlements over the workplace. He later recalled his terror at being lost in a maze of underground rooms when his lamp went out. Source: BLS, Shows the average pay for a 48 hour week throughout 5 different industries in Milan. Mine foremen attempted various forms of industrial discipline to maximize productivity, but in the early 1900s, coal miners experienced little of the supervision foremen and factory managers imposed on workers; in fact, veteran colliers often became surly when a mine foreman came by their place on his little scooter to check on them. Musical instruments:
The craftiness and deftness of the best colliers was most evident when they performed the riskiest task of all. Even in a good week, there was unpaid work to perform: propping up newly opened rooms with wooden posts, laying track to his room, and lowering the floor of the main tunnel so loaded coal cars could pass through. Prices are shown in Swiss francs. Shows the average monthly wages of multiple occupation in the Alaskan fishing industry. Source: AAUP report. Includes many brand names. Every workday a panel of miners, ranging from fourteen to twenty-eight men, passed through a main entry and then turneddown a side entry. Retreat mining was a risky business, but at least the miners engineered these cave-ins. 8836. When young Frank Keeney walked through a mine portal in 1892, perhaps an older miner, maybe a neighbor, offered him some words of consolation or, at least, instruction as they traveled in and outof the mine on what was known as a man trip. Or he might have heard some words of warning from the older boys who led the mules and coal cars back and forth through the door he tended. Source: BLS Bulletin no. 365-372. Unskilled labor hired by cities for construction, repair or cleaning of streets. At dawn, the workers reported to the payroll clerk in the company office, where they were handed numbered brass checks to attach to each coal car they loaded. Bicycles, binoculars, footballs & basketball supplies, ice skates, athletic gear, boxing, baseball, & tennis supplies, fishing tackle, camping gear, guns. House paints, paint brushes, doors & windows, wrench sets, home improvement tools, steel safes, fencing, garden tools, wrenches & other assorted tools, water pumps, plows, milk cans, gasoline-powered generators. Use the following hyperlinks to see values for AL, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA, ID, IL, IN IA, KS, KY, LA, ME, MD, MA, MI, MN, MS, MO, MT, NE, NV, NH, NJ, NM, NY, NC, ND, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, UT, VT, VA, WA, WV, WI, WY. Frank Keeney wanted to be a first-class tonnage man because he needed to support his widowed mother and two sisters, along with his new wife, a fair teenager named Bessie Meadows, an Eskdale girl who wanted to become a schoolteacher. An experienced miner would often work calmly under conditions that would terrify a novice, wrote a veteran of the bituminous mines. Wages are shown in yen. Average weekly earnings of male and female workers in the British cotton industry are shown at four periods of time in 1924. To view an issue of interest, select it from the list and click View. Source: The tables show pay for employees engaged in the manufacture of automobiles, trucks, car bodies and parts. Copy. Board a ship to cross the wave; This booklet shows prices for hotels and amenities such astelephone, restaurant meals,haircuts, bath house, etc. Source: BLS, Shows the average daily wages of day laborers, farm hands, clerks, bookkeepers, government employees, and army members in Lithuania. 407. Shows the average weekly earnings by industry and occupation. Source: BLS. Boys discovered that serious men turned into jokers when they toiled underground. After they loaded coal from the fallen pillars, the colliers and their helpers pushed their cars out into the main entry as fast as possible before sections of the roof collapsed. Data is separated by sex and age. Prices are shown in contemporary US dollars. Shows the average weekly wages of NY factory workers every month over a 14 year period. Before the 1930s, many boys worked in mines. Wages are shown in shillings. Shows the daily cost of food, heat, and light for a working family of 4 following independence. Report published in 1923 gives wages for Arkansas women by occupation and race. Typically, workers could get an advance on pay, in company-issued paper currency, called scrip, or tokens to buy goods. More passenger air fares from other sources: Household items:
For example, the 1920 volume gives rates in Ohio and Minnesota, Illinois and Indiana, and more. Table 41 in this source shows the average salary for all teachers in elementary and secondary schools in New York state, not including NYC. Shows average value for farm land and buildings from 1850-1982. Some occupations covered include telephone operators, waitresses, hotel maids, chambermaids, elevator girls, laundry workers, retail clerks, and factory workers in the wood working industry. $15 - $30. Paragraph below the table describes the weekly earnings of blast furnace workers, smelters, rolling mill operators, and foundry workers in both Pounds Sterling and U.S. In 1923, there were about 883,000 coal miners; today there are about 53,000. 412. Source: BLS. 59-71. Also shows average family size in each state. Green miners like Frank Keeney also learned that surviving underground required men to depend upon each other and to honor the wisdom of the most experienced men. Shows average value per acre for all real estate with buildings, and the value of land alone, by county, for six states: MA, CT, RI , ME, VT and NH. Conversely, a dollar earned in 1928 had the same buying power as abut $15 in the year 2020. Keep your hand upon the dollar, At the far end of the room, the miner lay down on his side and cut under the bottom of the coal face with his pick, inching his way into the cut and hoping the coal was hard enough not to collapse on him. 358, Average hours and earnings by occupation and district. Managers worried about competition, costs, and controlling workers who spoke multiple languages and labored out of view. As a novice, Keeney learned the colliers trade from older craftsmenthe skills of cutting the face, setting the charges, and loading the coal without wrenching his back or crippling himself. Describes the labor policy of New Zealand in the 1920's and throughout the rest of the early 20th century. Source: BLS, Shows the hourly wages for men and women in Finnish unions. Arranged by occupation and then by city and year. 297. "75 Years of American Finance: A Graphic Presentation 1861-1935" continue to render these kinds of occupations obsolete. The mine was run by the Japanese, who had occupied the area, along with the rest of the puppet state of Manchukuo, using prisoners of war or poorly-paid Chinese locals as their miners. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review (June 1931), Shows the average hours and daily wages of various workers in quarries, sawmills, and many other industries throughout Virginia. Data is broken out byoccupation, sex and district. It may be necessary to read the chapters pertaining to the country, but you can find the actual minimum wages in the discussion. Covers New York City, New Jersey towns, Fall River MA, Cleveland, Chicago, Dallas, San Francisco and Portland OR. Shows salaries for sevenoccupations inpolice departments of 25American cities. The region's first coal miners primarily were African Americans, both enslaved and free. That the presidents persistent nostalgia for a yesteryear America had such visceral effect on rural voters only betrays the entrenched anxiety of a region where decline is a multi-generational way of life. In the late 1800s mining was rough physical labor. Links to government documents and primary sources listing retail prices for products and services, as well as wages for common occupations. Source: U.S. BLS Bulletin, No. By 1910, more Italian immigrants lived in McDowell County than anywhere else in the state. Shows the hourly, daily, and biannual earnings of different occupations in the Missouri coal industry between 1890-1922. These deposits could produce firedamp, which contained methane and sometimes carbon dioxide that seeped out of the coal seams. A trapper like Frank had to pay close attention to his duties, opening and closing the doors regularly to keep the air moving and to allow coal cars to pass back and forth. Between 12th and 14th Streets Shows data for Washington DC, Los Angeles, Chicago, Cleveland, Detroitand otheradditional cities on pages5-9. If a man died in a mine, they quit work to honor him and to take up a collection for his surviving wife and children. Table 26 shows wages for laborers with board for every year from 1780-1937; the, In the 1920s, people could sell their blood to hospitals for$35-50 perquart. Shows police department salaries for cities over 100,000 population. Source: Shows the earnings per hour and week for sawmill workers over a 20 year period. See answers (2) Best Answer. In 1974, the Environmental Protection Agency commissioned photojournalist Jack Corn to document the plight of the American coal miner in Appalachia. As former miner Gary Bentley of Kentucky remarked in a recent New York Times article, Its not going to make a comeback. Immigrants in southern West Virginia comprised some 25 nationalities, including Italians, Hungarians, Poles, Austrians and Russians. Taken from Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. For best detail, see the full chapters on. Source: BLS Bulletin no. Wages are shown in Brazilian milreis and contemporary US dollars. But on some weeks, a miner might work only two or three days because the railroad failed to supply enough coal cars, or because the mine needed repairs. From the Newcomb-Endicott store, Detroit, Michigan. Time became important to managers as they changed their labor model. Shows the daily wages of Chilean miners between 1911 and 1924 in both pesos and the U.S. dollar. Union wages by occupation and city, 1922-1928, Women's median wages by state and industry, 1910s-1920s, Cigarette packs - Average retail price by brand, 1929, Average college expenses and tuition by institution, 1928, Family budgets by income group, 1918-1930, https://libraryguides.missouri.edu/pricesandwages, Common labor - Average entrance wage rates, 1926-1934, Union wages by occupation and city, 1920-1921, Steam fitters' and sprinkler fitters' helpers, Structural-iron workers: finishers' helpers, Union wages by occupation and city, 1929-1930, Captains, masters, mates, pilots, and engineers, Maintenance-of-way employees: Gang foremen, Maintenance-of-way employees: Assistant gang foremen, Maintenance-of-way employees: Iron workers, Maintenance-of-way employees: Masons, bricklayers, and plasterers, Maintenance-of-way employees: Section laborers, Maintenance-of-way employees: Crossing and bridge flagmen and gatemen, War and postwar wages, prices, and hours, 1914-23 and 1939-44, Urban Negro weekly earnings by sex and occupational class, 1925, Negro wages by occupation - Chicago, 1920, Teacher salaries by race - North Carolina, 1922, Teacher salaries by race - Texas, 1925-1926, Accountants, auditors, bookkeepers, etc. Shows the changes in wages of united Illinois coal miners following a labor agreement. Wages are shown in Belgian francs. After checking in, they climbed up a steep trail from the office to the portal of a mine. Salary data for teachers, principals and school administrators in New York City, Philadelphia, Cleveland, Detroit, St. Louis, Chicago and Kansas City. Also shows the averagecost to rent farm landor pastures by the acre, by county. 1920, Wages by occupation - Manchuria, 1920-1921, Daily and monthly wage earnings - Soviet Union, 1926-1927, Average yearly wages in the Soviet Union, 1929-1932, salaries paid school teachers throughout Russia, seldom exceed 12 rubles per month in late 1923, Agricultural wages - Switzerland in 1914, 1921, 1930, Earnings and prices - Switzerland, 1920-1921, Wages in Great Britain, France and Germany (with addendum for Switzerland), Minimum wage legislation in various countries, Comparative wage rates in the U.S. and in foreign countries, 1927, Wages paid on steamships by country and occupation, 1922, wages paid to Chinese and Lascar (Indian or southeast Asian) employees, Farm family incomes in Wake County, North Carolina - 1926, Foods - Average retail prices over time, 1923-36, Foods - Average retail prices across 39 cities, 1920-1928, corn meal, rice, potatoes, granulated sugar, coffee and tea, onions, navy beans, prunes, raisins, canned salmon, evaporated milk, margarine, lard, oats, corn flakes, wheat cereal, macaroni, canned baked beans, canned corn, canned peas, canned tomatoes, bananas, oranges, Food price averages for each year from 1890-1970, Cigarette, cigar and rolling papers - Los Angeles, 1921, Farm houses in Iowa - Value and size, 1923, Sears homes with costs to build, 1908-1939, Cost of materials to build a Sears home, ca. Table 679 of this 1923 USDA Yearbook tells how much U.S. farmers paid for farm tools and implements, work gloves, shirts and shoes, shotguns, tobacco, wagons, building materials such as nails and shingles, and household items such as dishes and fruit jars, washtubs and buckets in 1909, 1914-1922. Totals are shown in Canadian dollars. Source: BLS, Shows the average retail prices of staple foodstuffs in Madrid, Spain. HOUSING, FARMS and UTILITIES A standard tune in miners lore began with lyric, Youve been docked and docked again, boys / Youve been loading two for one, and asked what the miner had to show for working so hard. $20.00 per week. Phone (573) 882-0748. Coal mining is a dangerous job requiring skill and judgment. In West Virginia, where mineswere cut near the mountaintops, the overburden was looser and more prone to collapse than in the deeper shaft mines of the North. Following legal tradition, companies usually placed blame and responsibility for injuries on the workers. Wages are shown in both Italian lire and contemporary U.S. dollars. Also shows rowboat and pack horse rental rates, cost for guided tours, and transportation fares. Shows compensation for individualjudgeson the U.S. Supreme Court, circuit courts and district courts. Coal industry labor strikes were common from the turn of the century up through the 1930s, as were catastrophic workplace injuries and the prevalence of black lung disease. Report published in 1923 tells wages by race and by industry. Prices are shown in either contemporary US dollars or Chinese coppers. Then the men and boys would gather their tools and trudge down the mountainside to their little cabins to wash off the coal dust that smudged their faces, necks, arms, and hands, and to sit down for an evening meal. by OCCUPATION Safety sign in eight languages, about 1910. Tables are broken down by type of job, gender of employee, and geography. FromTHE DEVIL HERE IN THESE HILLS(Atlantic Monthly Press), now out in paperback. Created by Grove Atlantic and Electric Literature, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Google+ (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pocket (Opens in new window), A Novel of Putin's Russia That Got Its Writer Beaten Up, What Should You Read Next? Shows wage data by manufacturing categories for 1914, 1919, 1921, and 1923. In 1925, motor vehicles were scrapped at an average age of 6.5 years. Lists single-unit prices for barbital, benzoyl peroxide, benzocaine, aspirin, quinoline, and more, showing proprietary and coined drug names. Coal companies also recruited in Europe. This bibliography lists reports that show income, budgets, consumer expenditures, etc. Fearful of the danger, frightened by the blackest darkness he could imagine, and repelled by the coal dust that clung to him like a layer of skin, Washington vowed to get an education and rise out of the coal pits, just as he had risen up from slavery.. Every three or four hundred feet, passageways were cut, creating narrower, corridor-like rooms that led to a coal face where each miner and his buddy worked in their own room. The colliers left large pillars of coal standing as they cut the face forward and sideways through breakthroughs that led to parallel rooms. Check the, Shows the daily rate of Utah coal mining workers in a variety of jobs and occupations. In 1928, halfof all families had a combined family income of $2000 or less. PRICES in FOREIGN COUNTRIES, WAGES -- GENERAL SOURCES (all occupations and worker types), WAGES in AIRPLANE and AIRCRAFT MANUFACTURING, 1920s. Mentions the wages paid to both skilled and unskilled workers in francs. Shows average charge per case for appendicitis, childbirth, heart troubles, cancer, dental problems and more. Hourly Rate. Under these terms, a hard worker could earn $2.00 for ten to twelve hours of labor, if the work was steady. Source: Discusses average prices American families were paying for medical care and hospital trips. Source: Describes the labor policy of Australia in the 1920's and throughout the rest of the early 20th century. Includes wage data for Chicago as well. It is not yet available to read online; check your local library for a printed copy.
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